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Conversion

Speed calculator

Kilometres per hour, miles per hour, metres per second, knots.

What this calculator does

Speed combines a length unit and a time unit, so every conversion here is really two conversions at once: which is why km/h to mph is not a single clean factor in the way metres to feet is, but the product of a length ratio and a time ratio.

The units in everyday use split by context: km/h and mph for road speeds, m/s for physics and engineering, knots for sea and air travel, and Mach for speeds close to or beyond the speed of sound.

The formula

Formularesult = value × factor(from) ÷ factor(to), with metre per second as the base unit. Factors: m/s=1, km/h=0.277778, mph=0.44704, ft/s=0.3048, kn=0.514444, mach=343

Metres per second is the base unit here. Kilometres per hour converts to it by multiplying by 1,000 (metres per kilometre) and dividing by 3,600 (seconds per hour), giving the often-quoted rule of thumb that dividing km/h by 3.6 gives m/s. Knots are nautical miles per hour, and Mach is expressed relative to the speed of sound in 20°C air, taken here as a fixed 343 m/s: Mach number actually varies with altitude and temperature in reality, since the speed of sound itself depends on air density.

TermMeaning
Base unitMetres per second, which every other speed unit converts through.
KnotOne nautical mile per hour, equal to about 1.852 km/h: used at sea and in aviation.
MachA ratio to the speed of sound, taken as 343 m/s in 20°C air for this calculator’s fixed conversion.

The inputs explained

FieldWhat to enter
ValueThe value to convert.
FromThe unit you are converting from.
ToThe unit you want the answer in.

When to use it

Converting a speed limit or vehicle spec between km/h and mph

Road signage and car specifications differ by country: this handles the conversion at full precision rather than the rough "divide by 1.6" shortcut.

Working with wind or boat speed in knots

Marine and aviation weather reports use knots almost exclusively; converting to km/h or mph is usually necessary to compare against a land-based forecast or a car’s speed.

Physics and engineering calculations in metres per second

m/s is the standard SI unit for speed, needed whenever a speed feeds into another physics formula like kinetic energy or momentum rather than being reported on its own.

Checking how close a speed is to the sound barrier

The Mach conversion gives a rough sense of scale for aircraft or projectile speeds: Mach 1 is roughly 1,235 km/h in 20°C air, though the true figure shifts with altitude and temperature.

Worked examples

Every figure in the tables below is produced by this page’s own calculator at build time, so the numbers and the tool always agree. Select any row to load that scenario.

One of each unit, converted to km/h

A single unit of speed, each converted to kilometres per hour to compare true scale.

One unit, converted to km/h
FromIn km/h
Metre per second3.59999712 km/h
Mile per hour1.60934271 km/h
Foot per second1.09727912 km/h
Knot1.85199692 km/h
Mach (20°C air)1,234.799012 km/h
1 m/s is close to 3.6 km/h: a useful mental shortcut, since multiplying or dividing by 3.6 converts between the two directly. A knot, at 1.852 km/h, is noticeably slower than a mile per hour (1.609 km/h) despite both looking similar at a glance.

Converting 100 km/h to other units

A typical open-road speed limit expressed across the other common speed units.

100 km/h, converted outward
ToResult
Metres per second27.7778 m/s
Miles per hour62.13716893 mph
Knots53.99577019 kn
100 km/h is about 62.1 mph, close to the 60 mph and 65 mph limits common on faster roads in the US and UK: near enough that the two figures are sometimes used loosely as if interchangeable, though they are about 3 mph apart.

Questions

How do I convert km/h to m/s quickly?

Divide by 3.6. It comes from converting 1,000 metres per kilometre and dividing by 3,600 seconds per hour, and is accurate enough for most everyday use even as a rounded rule of thumb.

What is the difference between a knot and a mile per hour?

A knot is a nautical mile per hour (1.852 km/h); a mile per hour uses the shorter statute mile (1.609 km/h). A knot is about 15 per cent faster than the same numerical value in mph.

How fast is Mach 1?

About 1,235 km/h (767 mph) in 20°C air, based on a speed of sound of 343 m/s. The true speed of sound, and so the true value of Mach 1, falls with altitude and temperature, so this is a fixed reference rather than a universal constant.

Why isn’t there a single clean factor between km/h and mph?

Because both units combine an independently defined length (kilometre or mile) with the same hour, and the kilometre-to-mile ratio itself (1.609344) is not a round number: it inherits the same non-round relationship as the underlying length units.

What speed unit should I use for physics calculations?

Metres per second: it is the SI base unit for speed and plugs directly into other SI formulas like kinetic energy or momentum without an extra conversion step.

For the distance behind any speed figure, see the length and distance converter. For a full journey calculation, use the speed, distance and time calculator.